Swollen Testes

What are swollen testes?

Swollen testes are a common symptom of injury, inflammation or infection. Testicle enlargement results from swelling, a lump, or a cyst within the testicle. Other conditions that cause swelling in the scrotum may appear to be an enlarged testicle. Injury leading to swelling is a common cause of swollen testes, and inflammation of the testicle for any reason can cause swelling. Depending on the cause, swelling may occur in one or both testicles and may be accompanied by pain and fever.

Infections of the epididymis or the testicle itself are common causes of swollen testes. A scrotal cyst (spermatocele) or varicose veins (varicocele) can also result in the appearance of an enlarged testicle. In rare cases, enlargement of the testicle is a symptom of testicular cancer, a condition that is commonly associated with a painless lump. Mumps, a viral infection, can lead to swollen testes, along with other symptoms such as swollen salivary glands, sore throat, and fever. An inguinal hernia, in which abdominal contents protrude into the groin, can be mistaken for a swollen testicle.

In some cases, swollen testes can be a symptom of a serious condition called testicular torsion. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for the sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the testicle, which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Seek prompt medical care if you notice gradual enlargement of the testicle, discomfort, or redness.