Spinal Cord Tumor

What is a spinal cord tumor?

The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system and runs down the back inside the vertebrae that form the backbone. Nerves branch off the spinal cord to travel into the body where they control actions and perceive sensations. Any abnormal growth in the spinal cord is called a spinal cord tumor. Spinal cord tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).

Whether they are benign or malignant, spinal cord tumors can still cause significant symptoms by pressing on the spinal cord. This interferes with the signals that travel from the brain, through the spinal cord, out to the body, and back. Loss of function and sensation can result.

Spinal cord tumors can originate in the cells of the spinal cord (primary tumors) or can travel to the spinal cord from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic tumors). Most primary tumors are benign. The majority of spinal cord tumors, however, are secondary tumors, and are often metastases from other locations in the body.

Treatment of spinal cord tumors depends mostly on the type of tumor and may consist of surgery, steroids, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Complications of spinal cord tumors rarely result in emergencies, but spinal cord tumors are serious, and symptoms suggestive of them should be evaluated without delay. Seek prompt medical care if you notice progressive weakness, loss of sensation, loss of bladder or bowel control, or unexpected back pain.