Paralytic Ileus

What is paralytic ileus?

The bowel, or intestine, is the part of the digestive tract that absorbs nutrients from foods we eat. The residue of digested food passes through the bowel and is excreted during elimination, the final stage of digestion. This process can be interrupted or halted by the presence of a bowel obstruction, a blockage that prevents the passage of intestinal contents, such as feces and fluid.

Paralytic ileus is the occurrence of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction. This type of blockage is caused by a malfunction in the nerves and muscles in the intestine that impairs digestive movement. Causes of ileus include electrolyte imbalances, gastroenteritis (inflammation or infection of the stomach or intestines), appendicitis, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), surgical complications, and obstruction of the mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to the abdomen. Certain drugs and medications, such as opioids and sedatives, can cause ileus by slowing peristalsis, the contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.

Paralytic ileus can produce a variety of symptoms, such as a distended abdomen, fullness, gas, abdominal spasms, constipation, diarrhea, nausea with or without vomiting, and foul-smelling breath. Treatment options include surgical placement of a tube through the stomach or nose to alleviate the distension and remove the obstruction.

Paralytic ileus is a serious medical condition that should be evaluated immediately by a health care provider. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you develop symptoms of paralytic ileus, such as being unable to eliminate feces or pass gas, accompanied by abdominal pain or swelling.